-
1 μηδείς
μηδείς, μηδεμία, μηδέν (Hom.+.—For μηθέν Ac 27:33; IRo 4:2; 5:3; Hm 2:6, which is found freq. since Aristot. in lit., ins [Meisterhans3-Schw. 258f] and pap [Mayser 180–82], s. B-D-F §33; Mlt-H. 111; Thumb 14. The LXX usage in Thackeray 58–62; EpArist 182).① as adj., pert. to there not being any, no μηδεμία αἰτία Ac 13:28; 28:18. Cp. 25:17; 1 Cor 1:7; 1 Ti 5:14; Hb 10:2.—Used w. another neg. (En 98:3 μηδὲ φρόνησιν μηδεμίαν; Just., D. 110, 2 μηδενὸς μηδέπω καρποῦ…γενομένου; Ath. R. 19 p. 72, 4 μηδεμία μηδαμοῦ…κρίσις) no…at all 2 Cor 6:3; 13:7; 1 Pt 3:6. κατά μηδένα τρόπον (τρόπος 1) 2 Th 2:3.② as subst., a negative ref. to an entity, event, or conditionⓐ μηδείς nobody ἀκούοντες μὲν τ. φωνῆς μηδένα δὲ θεωροῦντες Ac 9:7. μηδενὶ εἴπῃς Mt 8:4; cp. 9:30; 16:20; 17:9; Mk 5:43; 7:36; Lk 3:14; 5:14; 10:4; J 15:24 P66; Ac 11:19; Ro 12:17; 1 Cor 3:18; 10:24; Gal 6:17; Eph 5:6; 1 Ti 4:12; Tit 2:15; Js 1:13; 1J 3:7; Rv 3:11 and oft.—Used w. another neg. nobody at all: Mk 11:14; Ac 4:17.ⓑ μηδέν nothing.α. μηδὲν αἴρειν εἰς (τὴν) ὁδόν Mk 6:8; Lk 9:3. Cp. 6:35; Ac 8:24; 1 Cor 10:25, 27. ἐκ τοῦ μηδενός out of nothing, i.e. for no good reason at all Hm 5, 2, 2.—Used w. another neg. (Lucian, Dial. Deor. 24, 1 μὴ λέγε τοιοῦτον μηδέν=‘anything’; X. Eph. 356, 11 H.) ὅρα μηδενὶ μηδὲν εἴπῃς see to it that you say nothing to anyone Mk 1:44 (cp. ApcMos 3 μὴ εἴπῃς αὐτῷ μηδέν; Just., D. 23, 3 μηδὲν μηδένος ἀποκρινομένου) μηδενὶ μηδὲν ὀφείλετε Ro 13:8. Cp. Phil 1:28.β. as acc. of the inner obj. μηδέν can be rendered not…at all, in no way (Aeschyl., Pla.; also Lucian, Dial. Deor. 2, 4, Tim. 43; PHib 43, 6 [III B.C.]; PAmh 111, 20; 2 Macc 14:28; 3 Macc 3:9; Jos., Ant. 14, 402; Ath. 20, 4 μ. διενηνόχασιν) μηδὲν ὠφεληθεῖσα she received no benefit at all Mk 5:26. μηδὲν βλάψαν αὐτόν without harming him in any way Lk 4:35 (Just., D. 35, 1 μηδὲν…βλάπτεσθαι).—Ac 4:21; 10:20; 11:12; Js 1:6; Rv 2:10 (v.l. μή). μεριμνᾶν Phil 4:6. ὑστερεῖν 2 Cor 11:5. μ. ἐμποδίζειν 1 Cl 20:2. μ. ἐναντιοῦσθαι 61:1. ὅλως μ. διψυχήσῃς don’t be double-minded at all Hs 6, 1, 2; ὅλως μ. σπλαγχνιζόμενος without any compassion at all Hs 6, 3, 2; μ. ἀδικεῖσθαι suffer no harm at all Dg 6:5.γ. μηδὲν εἶναι be nothing = amount to nothing, be a nobody (Soph., Aj. 767, cp. 1231; 1094; Pla., Apol. 41e) Gal 6:3. -
2 πάσχω
πάσχω fut. 3 sg. παθεῖται (2 Cl 7:5; v.l. πείσεται; cp. Reinhold p. 74; B-D-F §74, 3), 3 pl. παθοῦνται Hs 8, 10, 4; 2 aor. ἔπαθον; pf. πέπονθα, ptc. πεπονθώς; plpf. 3 pl. ἐπεπόνθεισαν Wsd 18:1 (Hom.+) ‘to experience someth., be treated’ (π. expresses the passive idea corresponding to the active idea in ποιέω) of everything that befalls a person, whether good or ill. Yet its usage developed in such a way that π. came to be used less and less frequently in a good sense, and never thus without some clear indication, at least fr. the context, that the good sense is meant. In our lit. it is found① only once in the sense experience someth. (pleasant) (of one who experiences special blessing, Pind., P. 3, 104 εὖ πασχέμεν, N. 1, 32 εὖ παθεῖν; Antiphanes 252, 2b ἀγαθὸν πάσχει; Diod S 20, 102, 2 εὖ πάσχειν; Dionys. Hal. 7, 51; Plut., Mor. 1110d; Arrian, Ind. 34, 1, Peripl. 2, 4; Jos., Ant. 3, 312; POxy 1855, 8; 10; 14 πάσχω ἀπόκρισιν of favorable information) τοσαῦτα ἐπάθετε εἰκῆ; have you had such remarkable experiences in vain? Gal 3:4 (Procop. Soph., Ep. 18 τοσοῦτον παθών; Ps.-Aristot., Mirabilia 112 τὸ αὐτὸ πάσχει=he experiences the same thing.—Differently Zahn et al.; in their opinion this pass. belongs to 3b below; in support of their view s. τοσαῦτα παθών Ep. 56 of Apollonius of Tyana [Philostrat. I 359, 16], but the assoc. w. ἐπιχορηγέω Gal 3:5 suggests receipt of beneficence).—On probability of wordplay (παθεῖν … μαθεῖν) s. Betz, Gal. 134.② Likew. there is only one place in which π. has a neutral mng. Even here the addition of κακῶς gives it an unfavorable connotation: κακῶς πάσχειν be badly off, in an evil plight (Hom et al.; Hdt. 3, 146 et al.; Wsd 18:19; JosAs 7:4; 24:1; Philo, In Flacc. 124, Spec. Leg. 4, 3) Mt 17:15 (v.l. ἔχει).③ In all other places, as always in LXX, in an unfavorable sense suffer, endure.ⓐ sufferα. abs. (also in the sense suffer death, be killed, [have to] die: Appian, Bell. Civ. 1, 70 §321; 3, 87 §359; Arrian, Anab. 6, 10, 3; Paroem. Gr.: Zenob. 4, 60 the crow ἔπαθε from the scorpion’s poison; Herodian 1, 17, 7; Just., D. 52, 3; Mel., P. 8, 65; sim. Callinus [VII B.C.], Fgm. 1, 17 G-B.[=D.3] ἤν τι πάθῃ=‘if he fell’; Demosth. 4, 11f; Straton of Lamps., Fgm. 10 [in Diog. L. 5, 61] ἐάν τι πάσχω=‘if anything happens to me’; Diod S 13, 98, 2; Lucian, Dial. Meretr. 8, 3; Iambl., Vi. Pyth. 33, 238; Jos., Ant. 15, 65; 18, 352; CB I/2, 391 no. 254; Iren. 1, 3, 3 [Harv. I, 27, 1]) πρὸ τοῦ με παθεῖν before I suffer Lk 22:15. Cp. 24:46; Ac 1:3; 3:18; 17:3; 1 Cor 12:26; Hb 2:18 (on ἐν ᾧ s. ἐν 7); 9:26; 1 Pt 2:20, 23; 3:17; B 7:2a; Hs 8, 10, 4. The expr. γῆ πάσχουσα B 6:9 seems to transfer the philosoph. concept of suffering matter to the γῆ (Hefele, Hilgenfeld, Veil): earth capable of suffering (Goodsp.), earth capable of being molded into a human being (Kleist, note ad loc.).β. w. additions: ὑπό τινος at the hands of someone denotes the one who caused the suffering (Antiphon Orat., Fgm. 34; Ael. Aristid. 45 p. 134 D.; PAmh 78, 4; Jos., Bell. 5, 19, Ant. 10, 92; Mel., P. 75, 546ff; B-D-F §315) Mt 17:12 (s. also b below). Also ὑπὸ χειρός τινος B 5:5b (cp. Mel., Fgm. 7 ὑπὸ δεξιᾶ Ἰσραηλίτιδος). ὑπέρ τινος for someone or someth. (Appian, Bell. Civ. 1, 15 §63 π. ὑπέρ τινος=suffer for someone; Just., D. 121, 2 ὑπὲρ τοῦ μὴ ἀρνεῖσθαι αὐτόν as military metaphor: EKrentz, in Origins and Method, JHurd Festschr. ’93, 126) Phil 1:29; 2 Th 1:5; 1 Pt 2:21 (περί τινος v.l.), ὑπὲρ τ. ὀνόματος τοῦ υἱοῦ τοῦ θεοῦ Hs 9, 28, 2a. ὑπὲρ τοῦ νόμου 8, 3, 6. ὑπὲρ τῆς σωτηρίας, ὑπὲρ ἁμαρτωλῶν MPol 17:2. ὑπὲρ τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν ἡμῶν ISm 7:1. Also περί τινος (Nicol. Dam.: 90 Fgm. 130, 29 p. 415, 29 Jac. περὶ τῶν διαδόχων αὐτοῦ ἅπαν … παθεῖν) περὶ ἁμαρτιῶν 1 Pt 3:18 (v.l. ἀπέθανεν). περι τῆς ψυχῆς ἡμῶν B 5:5a. διά w. acc. for the sake of: διὰ δικαιοσύνην 1 Pt 3:14. διὰ τὸ ὄνομα (αὐτοῦ) Pol 8:2; Hv 3, 2, 1; Hs 9, 28, 3. διʼ ἡμᾶς B 7:2b. διὰ τὸν θεόν Hs 9, 28, 6a. εἵνεκα or ἕνεκεν τοῦ ὀνόματος v 3, 1, 9; 3, 5, 2; Hs 9, 28, 5; 6b. κατὰ τὸ θέλημα τοῦ θεοῦ 1 Pt 4:19. ἔξω τῆς πύλης Hb 13:12. ἐπὶ ξύλου on the tree B 5:13b.—Used w. an instrumental (?) dat.: αἰκίαις καὶ βασάνοις π. 1 Cl 6:1 v.l. πολλαῖς πράξεσι Hs 6, 3, 4. W. dat. to denote manner (B-D-F §198) π. σαρκί suffer in the body 1 Pt 4:1ab (in b v.l. ἐν σαρκί).—Used w. an adverb: ἀδίκως 1 Pt 2:19. ἀληθῶς ISm 2b. δικαίως (TestSim 4:3; Just., D. 110, 6) Hs 6, 3, 6a. ἡδέως 8, 10, 4. προθύμως 9, 28, 2b and 4. οὕτω GPt 4:13; B 5:13a. ὀλίγον (s. ὀλίγος 2bβ) 1 Pt 5:10. τὸ δοκεῖν (δοκέω 2aα) in semblance, seemingly ITr 10; ISm 2c.—ὡς φονεύς undergo punishment (cp. SIG 1016, 7 π. ὡς ἱερόσυλος) as a murderer 1 Pt 4:15.ⓑ endure, undergo τί someth. (Orig., C. Cels. 7, 13, 7; π. καταστροφήν; Did., Gen. 232, 11; Theoph. Ant. 2, 23 [p. 156, 6]) παθήματα π. endure sufferings 2 Cor 1:6 (ὧν by attraction of the rel. fr. ἅ; sim. Iren. 1, 8, 2 [Harv. I 70, 4]). αἰκίσματα 1 Cl 6:2. πολλὰ π. (Jos., Ant. 13, 268; 403) Mt 27:19; Mk 8:31; 9:12; Lk 9:22 (s. further below); 17:25; B 7:11; AcPl Ha 8, 19. τὰ ὅμοιά τινι the same things as someone Ox 840, 3. οὐδὲν κακόν suffer no harm Ac 28:5. οὐδὲν τῶν πονηρῶν Hs 6, 3, 6b. ὡς οὐδὲν πεπονθώς as if nothing had happened to him MPol 8:3 (cp. TestJob 47:7 ὡς οὐδὲν ὅλως πεπονθώς). ταῦτα Lk 13:2; 24:26; 2 Ti 1:12; 1 Cl 45:5. τί παθεῖται; what will he have to endure? 2 Cl 7:5 (πάσχειν τι=endure punishment, as Pla., Leg. 10, 1, 885ab). μὴ φοβοῦ ἃ μελλεις πάσχειν do not be afraid of what you are about to undergo Rv 2:10. W. attraction ἔμαθεν ἀφʼ ὧν ἔπαθεν τὴν ὑπακοήν= ἔμαθεν τὴν ὑπακοὴν ἀπὸ τούτων ἃ ἔπαθεν he learned obedience from what he endured (i.e. despite his being God’s son, Jesus experienced suffering as the medium for exhibiting the ultimate extent of his obedience) Hb 5:8 (for the consonance or wordplay s. the reff. cited s.v. μανθάνω 3). π. τι ὑπό τινος endure someth. at someone’s hands (X., Hiero 7, 8, Symp. 1, 9; Jos., Ant. 7, 209; 12, 401; s. 3aβ above) Mk 5:26; 1 Th 2:14; B 7:5. Also π. τι ἀπό τινος (Dio Chrys. 67 [17], 11; Lucian, D. Deor. 6, 4; Orig., C. Cels. 8, 27, 5) Mt 16:21; perh. Lk 9:22. π. τι ἕνεκά τινος endure someth. for someone’s sake 2 Cl 1:2. Also π. τι διά τινα ISm 2a (Just., D. 117, 3; Mel., P. 59, 435). ὅσα δεῖ αὐτὸν ὑπὲρ τοῦ ὀνόματός μου παθεῖν Ac 9:16 (π. τι ὑπέρ τινος as Jos., Ant. 13, 199).—WWichmann, D. Leidenstheologie, e. Form der Leidensdeutung im Spätjudentum 1930; HVondran, D. Leidensgedanke im Spiegel d. Selbstbewusstseins Jesu: NKZ 43, ’32, 257–75; RLiechtenhan, D. Überwindung d. Leidens b. Pls. u. in d. zeitgen. Stoa: ZTK n.s. 3, 1922, 368–99; WMichaelis, Herkunft u. Bed. des Ausdrucks ‘Leiden u. Sterben J. Chr.’ ’45; HRiesenfeld, Jésus Transfiguré, ’47, 314–17 (Le Messie Souffrant …); ELohse, Märtyrer u. Gottesknecht (Sühntod Jesu Christi), ’55; EGüttgemanns, D. leidende Apostel, ’66.—K Schelkle, Die Passion Jesu etc., ’49; JGreen, The Death of Jesus ’88; RBrown, The Death of the Messiah, 2 vols. ’94; ACollins, From Noble Death to Crucified Messiah, NTS 40, ’94, 481–503; on alleged anti-Judaism in Luke’s passion narrative, s. HMerkel, NTS 40, ’94, 394–95 (lit.).—Schmidt, Syn. I 424–441. DELG. M-M. EDNT. DLNT. TW. Sv. -
3 κακός
κακός, ή, όν (Hom.+; gener. pert. to not meeting accepted standards of behavior, ‘bad, worthless, inferior’).① pert. to being socially or morally reprehensible, bad, evil (Hom.+; LXX)ⓐ of pers. ὁ κ. δοῦλος the bad slave Mt 24:48 (TestJob 7:7 κακὴ δούλη); κ. ἐργάτης evil-doer Phil 3:2. Subst. without art. (Sir 20:18) Rv 2:2. κακοὺς κακῶς ἀπολέσει Mt 21:41 (cp. Hipponax [VI B.C.] 77, 3 D.3; Soph., Phil. 1369; Aristippus in Diog. L. 2, 76 κακοὶ κακῶς ἀπόλοιντο; Nicol. Dam.: 90 Fgm. 66, 33 Jac.; Cebes 32, 5; Alciphron 2, 2, 1 κακὸς κακῶς ἀπόλοιτο; Jos., Ant. 2, 300; 7, 291; 12, 256; SIG 526, 46f [III B.C.] ἐξόλλυσθαι κακῶς κακούς; POxy 1238, 5 κακὸς κακῶς ἀπόλ.).—New Docs 4 p. 31 [lit.].ⓑ of human characteristics, actions, emotion, plans, etc. (POxy 532, 22 [II A.D.] ὑπὸ κακοῦ συνειδότος κατεχόμενος; 2 Macc 5:8; 4 Macc 17:2; Just., D. 17, 1 κακῆς προλήψεως; 94, 2 κ. πράξεις; 121, 3 πολιτείας) διαλογισμοί evil thoughts Mk 7:21. ἐπιθυμία base desire (Menand., Fgm. 718, 7 Kö.=535, 7 Kock; Pr 12:12; Just., A I, 10, 6) Col 3:5; ἔργον κ. bad deed Ro 13:3. ὁμιλίαι bad company, evil associations 1 Cor 15:33 (s. ἦθος). διδασκαλία IEph 16:2; cp. 9:1.ⓒ neut. as subst. (Hom.+; ins, pap, LXX, TestAsh 1:5; 4:5; Philo; Just., D. 1, 5 al.) τὸ κακόν evil, wrong what is contrary to custom or law εἰ κακῶς ἐλάλησα, μαρτύρησον περὶ τοῦ κακοῦ if I have said something in a wrong way, say what’s wrong about it J 18:23; Ro 7:21 (opp. τὸ καλόν, the right, the fine, the admirable deed) (Maximus Tyr. 34, 2a: the soul falls victim to [the] κακόν, contrary to its own efforts and in spite of its struggles); 16:19; 1 Cor 13:5; Hb 5:14; 1 Pt 3:10f; 1 Cl 22, 4 (both Ps 33:15); 3J 11. Perh. also Ro 14:20 (s. 2 below). οὐδὲν κ. nothing wrong Ac 23:9. Pl. evil deeds (Ael. Aristid. 45 p. 74 D.; TestSim 5:3; Ar. 13, 7; Just., A I, 28, 4) Ro 1:30; 1 Cor 10:6; Js 1:13 (s. ἀπείραστος); πάντα τὰ κ. all evils 1 Ti 6:10. μῆνις … ἐκ τοσούτων κακῶν συνισταμένη vengefulness composed of so many evils Hm 5, 2, 4.—κακὸν ποιεῖν do (what is) evil (Menand., Sam. 652 S. [307 Kö.]; Eccl 4:17; Plut., Mor. 523a) Mt 27:23; Mk 15:14; Lk 23:22; J 18:30 (s. κακαποιός); 2 Cor 13:7; 1 Pt 3:12 (Ps 33:17). Also τὸ κ. ποιεῖν Ro 13:4a; τὰ κ. ποιεῖν (Pr 16:12) 3:8; cp. GPt 4:13. (τὸ) κ. πράσσειν (TestAsh 6:2; only pl. Pr 10:23 and Just., D. 108, 1) Ro 7:19; 9:11 v.l.; 13:4b; 2 Cor 5:10 v.l. κατεργάζεσθαι τὸ κ. 2:9.② pert. to being harmful or injurious, evil, injurious, dangerous, pernicious, of things or conditions (Pr 16:9 ἡμέρα κ.; TestAbr B 4 p. 108, 12 [Stone p. 64] οὐδὲν κ.; Just., A I, 2, 3 φήμη κ.) ἕλκος κ. καὶ πονηρόν Rv 16:2. κ. θηρία Tit 1:12 (cp. POxy 1060, 7 ἀπὸ παντὸς κακοῦ ἑρπετοῦ. On transfer to human beings s. θηρίον 2). θανάσιμον φάρμακον …, ὅπερ ὁ ἀγνοῶν ἡδέως λαμβάνει ἐν ἡδονῇ κακῇ a deadly poison which the ignorant takes with perilous delight ITr 6:2 (cp. Just., A I, 21, 5 κακῶν καὶ αἰσχρῶν ἡδονῶν). Subst. τὸ κακόν (the) evil (Susario Com. [VI B.C.] κακὸν γυναῖκες; AnthLG: Fgm. iamb. adesp. 29 Diehl δῆμος ἄστατον κακόν; Ps.-Pla., Eryxias 8, 395e: opp. τὸ ἀγαθόν; Apollon. Rhod. 3, 129; Theocr. 14, 36; Plut., Lysander 18, 9 of ἄγνοια; Maximus Tyr. 24, 4a μέγιστον ἀνθρώπῳ κακὸν ἐπιθυμία ‘desire for more is humanity’s worst bane’; TestGad 3:1 [μῖσος]; Philo, Rer. Div. Her. 287 [λιμὸς] … κακὸν χεῖρον) of the tongue ἀκατάστατον κακόν Js 3:8 (s. ἀκατάστατος). (τὰ) κακά misfortunes (Appian, Iber. 79, §338; Maximus Tyr. 41, 3aff; schol. on Soph., Trach. 112 p. 286 Papag.; Is 46:7; EpArist 197; 207; TestJob 23:6; TestLevi 10:2; Jos., Bell. 6, 213, Ant. 3, 86) Lk 16:25; Ac 8:24 D; 2 Cl 10:1; AcPl Ha 3, 10; 11:7. κακόν τι πάσχειν suffer harm Ac 28:5 (cp. EpJer 33; Jos., Ant. 12, 376; Just., A I, 2, 4; Ath. 12, 1). πράσσειν ἑαυτῷ κ. do harm to oneself 16:28. τί κ. ἐστιν; w. inf. foll. what harm is there? MPol 8:2. Prob. Ro 14:20 (s. 1c above) κ. τῷ ἀνθρώπῳ harmful for the person belongs here. ἡσυχάσει ἄφοβος ἀπὸ παντὸς κακοῦ will have rest without fear of any evil 1Cl 57:7 (Pr 1:33).③ Certain passages fall betw. 1 and 2; in them the harm is caused by evil intent, so that 1 and 2 are combined: evil, harm, wrong Ro 12:21ab (cp. the proverb s.v. ἰάομαι 2b. Also Polyaenus 5, 11 οὐ κακῷ κακὸν ἠμυνάμην, ἀλλʼ ἀγαθῷ κακόν; but s. SRobertson, ET 60, ’48/49, 322). κακά τινι ποιεῖν Ac 9:13 (the dat. as 4Km 8:12; TestJud 7:8 οὐδὲν κακόν; Vi. Aesopi G 11 P.; Witkowski 64, 12 [95 B.C.]=PGrenf II, 36 ἡμῖν κακὸν ἐποίησεν; s. B-D-F §157). (διάβολος) ποιήσει τι κακὸν τοῖς δούλοις τοῦ θεοῦ (the devil) will inflict some kind of harm on God’s slaves Hm 4, 3, 4. κακόν τινι ἐργάζεσθαι Ro 13:10. κακά τινι ἐνδείκνυσθαι 2 Ti 4:14 (cp. Da 3:44; TestZeb 3:8). (τινί) κακὸν ἀντὶ κακοῦ ἀποδιδόναι (cp. Paroem. Gr.: Apostol. 18, 33 χρὴ μὴ τὸ κακὸν διὰ κακοῦ ἀμύνασθαι; Mel., P. 90, 676 ἀνταποδοὺς … κακὰ ἀντὶ καλῶν) Ro 12:17; 1 Th 5:15; 1 Pt 3:9; Pol 2:2.—WLofthouse, Poneron and Kakon in O and NT: ET 60, ’48/49, 264–68; s. κακία (GBaumbach).—B. 1177. DELG. M-M. TW. -
4 κακός
A bad:I of persons,1 of appearance, ugly,εἶδος μὲν ἔην κακός Il.10.316
, cf. Paus.8.49.3.2 of birth, ill-born, mean,γένος ἐστὲ διοτρεφέων βασιλήων.., ἐπεὶ οὔ κε κακοὶ τοιούσδε τέκοιεν Od.4.64
;Ζεὺς δ' αὐτὸς νέμει ὄλβον.. ἐσθλοῖς ἠδὲ κακοῖσι 6.189
;οὐ κακὸν οὐδὲ μὲν ἐσθλόν 22.415
;οὐδ' ἐὰν.. φανῶ τρίδουλος, ἐκφανῇ κακή S.OT 1063
; κακός τ' ὢν κἀκ κακῶν ib. 1397.3 of courage, craven, base, Il.2.365, 6.489; κακοῦ τρέπεται Χρὼς ἄλλυδις ἄλλῃ (called δειλὸς ἀνήρ in the line above) 13.279;Ἕκτωρ σε κ. καὶ ἀνάλκιδα φήσει 8.153
, cf. Od.3.375;κ. καὶ ἀνήνορα 10.301
;οἵτινες.. ἐγένοντο ἄνδρες κ. ἢ ἀγαθοὶ ἐν τῇ ναυμαχίῃ Hdt.6.14
;κ. καὶ ἄθυμος Id.7.11
; οὐδαμῶν κακίονες ib. 104;κακοὺς πρὸς αἰχμήν S.Ph. 1306
; ;οὐδενὶ ἐπιτρέψοντας κακῷ εἶναι X.An.3.2.31
.4 bad of his kind, i. e. worthless, sorry, unskilled,ἡνίοχοι Il. 17.487
; [ τοξότης] ἢ κ. ἢ ἀγαθός ib. 632;νομῆες Od.17.246
; κ. ἀλήτης a bad beggar, ib. 578; ; κυβερνήτης, ναύτης, E.Supp. 880, Andr. 457; : c. acc. modi, πάντα γὰρ οὐ κακός εἰμι I am not bad in all things, Od.8.214;κ. γνώμην S.Ph. 910
: also c. dat.,κακοὶ γνώμαισι Id.Aj. 964
: c. inf.,κ. μανθάνειν Id.OT 545
; [ νῆσος]φυτεύεσθαι κακή Trag.Adesp.393
; cf. 11.5 in moral sense, base, evil, Od.11.384, Hes.Op. 240; opp. Χρηστός, S.Ant. 520;ὦ κακῶν κάκιστε Id.OT 334
, Ph. 984;πλεῖστον κάκιστος Id.OC 744
;κ. πρός τινας Th.1.86
;εἰς φίλους E.Or. 424
codd.;περὶ τὰ Χρήματα Pl.Clit. 407c
.II of things, evil, pernicious, freq. in Hom., etc., as δαίμων, θάνατος, μοῖρα, αἶσα, κῆρες, νοῦσος, ἕλκος, φάρμακα, ὀδύναι, Od.10.64, Il.3.173, 13.602, 1.418, Od.2.316, Il.1.10, 2.723, 22.94, 5.766; Χόλος, ἔρις, Il.16.206, Od.3.161; πόλεμος, ἔπος, ἔργα, Il.4.82, 24.767, Od.2.67, al.; ἦμαρ, ἄνεμος, Il.9.251, Od.5.109; of omens and the like , unlucky, ὄρνις, ὄναρ, σῆμα, Il.24.219, 10.496, 22.30: also in Trag., κ. τύχη, δαίμων, μόρος, S.Tr. 328, A.Pers. 354, 369, etc.; of words, abusive, foul,κ. λόγοι S.Ant. 259
, cf. Tr. 461; κ. ποιμήν, i.e. the storm, A.Ag. 657: Astrol., unlucky,τόποι Heph.Astr.1.12
; κ. τύχη, name for the sixth region, Paul.Al.M.1.B κακόν, τό, and κακά, τά, as Subst., evil, ill,δίδου δ' ἀγαθόν τε κακόν τε Od.8.63
;ἀθάνατον κακόν 12.118
;ἐκ μεγάλων κακῶν πεφευγέναι Hdt.1.65
; so κ. ἄμαχον, ἄπρηκτα, Pi.P.2.76, I.8(7).8; ἔκπαγλον, ἄφερτον, ἀμήχανον, etc., A.Ag. 862, 1102, E.Med. 447, etc.; κακὸν ἥκει τινί there's trouble in store for some one, Ar.Ra. 552; δυοῖν ἀποκρίνας κακοῖν the least of two evils, S.OT 640, cf. OC 496; κακῶν Ἰλιάς, v. Ἰλιάς; κακόν τι ῥέξαι τινά to do harm or ill to any one, Il.2.195, etc.;πολλὰ κάκ' ἀνθρώποισιν ἐώργει Od.14.289
; κακὰ φέρειν, τεύχειν τινί, Il.2.304, Hes.Op. 265; κακόν τι (or κακὰ) ποιεῖν τινα (v. δράω, ποιέω, ἐργάζομαι) ; κακὸν πάσχειν ὑπό τινος to suffer evil from one, Th.8.48, etc.: in Trag. freq. repeated, κακὰ κακῶν, = τὰ κάκιστα, S.OC 1238 (lyr.); (lyr.);δεινὰ πρὸς κακοῖς κακά Id.OC 595
, cf. Ant. 1281;δόσιν κακὰν κακῶν κακοῖς A.Pers. 1041
(lyr.).2 κακά, τά, evil words, reproaches,πολλά τε καὶ κακὰ λέγειν Hdt.8.61
, cf.A.Th. 571, S.Aj. 1244,Ph. 382, etc.3 Philos., κακόν, τό, Evil, Stoic.3.18, al., Plot.1.8.1, al.4 of a person, pest, nuisance,τουτὶ παρέξει τὸ κ. ἡμῖν πράγματα Ar.Av. 931
; also, comically, ὅσον συνείλεκται κακὸν ὀρνέων what a devil of a lot of birds, ib. 294.C degrees of Comparison:1 regul. [comp] Comp. in [dialect] Ep.,κακώτερος Od.6.275
, 15.343, Theoc.27.22, A.R.3.421, etc.: also in late Prose, Alciphr.3.62: irreg. κακίων, ον [with [pron. full] ῐ], Od.2.277, Thgn.262, etc., with [pron. full] ῑ in Trag., exc. E.Fr. 546 (anap.);κακῑότερος AP12.7
([place name] Strato).2 [comp] Sup.κάκιστος Hom.
, etc.--Cf. also Χείρων, Χείριστος, and ἥσσων, ἥκιστος.D Adv. κακῶς ill,ἢ εὖ ἦε κακῶς Il.2.253
, etc.; κακῶς ποιεῖν τινα to treat one ill; κακῶς ποιεῖν τι to hurt, damage a thing; κακῶς ποιεῖν τινά τι to do one any evil or harm; κ. πράσσειν to fare ill, A.Pr. 266, etc.;κάκιον ἢ πρότερον πράττειν And.4.11
;κ. ἔχειν Ar.Ra.58
, etc.; of illness, Ev.Matt.4.24; rarelyκακῶς πάσχειν A.Pr. 759
, 1041 (anap.); Χρῆν Κανδαύλῃ γενέσθαι κ. Hdt.1.8;κ. ὄλοισθε S.Ph. 1035
, etc.; with play on two senses,ὡς κ. ἔχει ἅπας ἰατρός, ἂν κ. μηδεὶς ἔχῃ Philem.Jun.2
; κ. ἐρεῖν τινά, λέγειν τὴν πόλιν, Mimn.7.4, Ar.Ach. 503; κ. εἰδότες, = ἀγνοοῦντες, X.Cyr.2.3.13, Isoc.8.32, cf. Hyp.Eux.33; κακῶς ἐκπέφευγα I have barely escaped, D.21.126: [comp] Comp.κάκιον Hdt.1.109
, S.OT 428, And.l.c., Pl.Mx. 236a, etc.: [comp] Sup. , Pax2, Pl.R. 420b, etc.2 Adv. and Adj. freq. coupled in Trag., [dialect] Att., etc.,κακὸν κακῶς νιν.. ἐκτρῖψαι βίον S.OT 248
;κακὸς κακῶς ταφήσῃ E.Tr. 446
(troch.);ἀπό σ' ὀλῶ κακὸν κακῶς Ar.Pl.65
, cf. Eq. 189, 190, D.32.6, Procop.Pers.1.24;κακοὺς κακῶς ἀπολέσει αὐτούς Ev.Matt.21.41
;κακοὺς κάκιστα S.Aj. 839
; in reversed order, ; with intervening words,κακῶς.. ἀπόλλυσθαι κακούς S.Ph. 1369
, cf. E.Cyc. 268, Ar.Eq.2. (Perh. cogn. with Avest. kasu-, [comp] Comp. kasyah-, [comp] Sup. kasišta- 'small', Lith. nukašëti 'grow feeble, thin', Germ. hager.)
См. также в других словарях:
harm — harm1 S3 [ha:m US ha:rm] n [U] [: Old English; Origin: hearm] 1.) damage, injury, or trouble caused by someone s actions or by an event ▪ Modern farming methods have done considerable harm to the countryside. ▪ Socks that are too tight can cause… … Dictionary of contemporary English
Self-harm — This article focuses on repetitive self harm, not on severe self harm inflicted during psychosis. For forms of self harm related to body image, sexuality and wartime, see Body modification, Algolagnia and Self inflicted wound respectively. Self… … Wikipedia
Actual bodily harm — Assault Occasioning Actual Bodily Harm (often abbreviated to Assault O.A.B.H. or simply ABH) is a type of criminal assault defined under English law. It encompasses those assaults which result in injuries, typically requiring a degree of medical… … Wikipedia
Life Sciences — ▪ 2009 Introduction Zoology In 2008 several zoological studies provided new insights into how species life history traits (such as the timing of reproduction or the length of life of adult individuals) are derived in part as responses to… … Universalium
Patient safety — is a new healthcare discipline that emphasizes the reporting, analysis, and prevention of medical error that often lead to adverse healthcare events. The frequency and magnitude of avoidable adverse patient events was not well known until the… … Wikipedia
Involuntary commitment — For involuntary treatment in non hospital settings, see involuntary treatment. Involuntary commitment or civil commitment is a legal process through which an individual with symptoms of severe mental illness is court ordered into treatment in a… … Wikipedia
Veganism — Veganism … Wikipedia
1952 steel strike — on essentially the same terms the union had proposed four months earlier. [Marcus, Truman and the Steel Seizure Case: The Limits of Presidential Power, 1977, p. 253.] Wage control policy during the Korean WarOn February 9, 1950, Senator Joseph… … Wikipedia
TAXATION — This article is arranged according to the following outline: historical aspects legal aspects the biblical period the talmudic period the post talmudic period in general yardsticks of tax assessment taxable property Place of Residence, Business,… … Encyclopedia of Judaism
Nikita Khrushchev — Khrushchev redirects here. For other people with this surname, see Khrushchev (surname). Nikita Khrushchev Никита Хрущёв … Wikipedia
Nonviolence — For the bronze sculpture, see Non Violence. Nonviolence has two (closely related) meanings. (1) It can refer, first, to a general philosophy of abstention from violence because of moral or religious principle (e.g. She believes in nonviolence. )… … Wikipedia
